Solar energy sharing in Luxembourg: how can you sell your surplus?
In Luxembourg, the surplus from a solar installation can be sold in two ways: injected into the grid at the market price, around 5 c€/kWh in 2026, or shared with neighbours at a price agreed together, usually 8 to 12 c€/kWh. At 10 c€, sharing pays 70% more than injection, even after a 1.5 c€ management fee, without switching supplier or installing any equipment. The neighbour pays less for their electricity, and a service such as the Enovos Energy Sharing Service can run the group from A to Z, from set-up to billing.
In short
- The idea: you sell the solar power you don’t use to your neighbours, at a price you agree together, without switching supplier or installing any equipment.
- What it pays: 8 to 12 c€ per shared kWh, against about 5 c€ when fed into the grid, or roughly €200 more a year with 8 kWp and six neighbours.
- How to start: the Enovos Energy Sharing Service takes care of everything, from setting up the group to billing, for 1.5 c€ excl. VAT per shared kWh and per meter. Between people who know each other, you can also run the group yourselves.
1. What is energy sharing?
Energy sharing lets a producer of renewable electricity pass surplus power to a registered group of consumers (neighbours, an apartment building, a municipality, an SME), at the moment it is produced, at a price the group sets freely. The mechanism is purely an accounting one: every quarter of an hour, Smarty meters record what each member injects and draws, then the grid operator (Creos across most of the country) allocates the kWh according to the group’s allocation key. Shared kWh are deducted from the consumer’s supplier bill and paid at the group tariff; the rest of the surplus is injected as before.
Three consequences: nobody switches supplier; only what is produced and consumed at the same moment is shared, hence the importance of the number of neighbours; no equipment is needed, as the Smarty meter and the national LENEDA platform are enough.
The legal framework: amended law of 1 August 2007 on the electricity market (articles 8ter and 8quater, rewritten by the law of 9 June 2023) and ILR regulation E24/1 of 5 February 2024, issued by the Luxembourg Regulatory Institute (ILR), to which energy communities (CEL and CER) must be notified. Article 20 (5ter) exempts kWh shared at low voltage within 300 metres from volumetric grid fees.
Momentum is building: the official register listed 134 energy communities on 3 August 2026, up from 52 a year earlier. At the end of 2025 the country had 33,304 photovoltaic installations (746 MW) and 444 GWh self-consumed or shared, 122% more in one year.
2. At what price can you sell your solar surplus in 2026?
Luxembourg has no net metering: injection and consumption are measured separately. A solar kWh is therefore worth a different amount depending on its use.
| Use of the kWh | Value in September 2026 | Good to know |
|---|---|---|
| Self-consumed | ≈ 20 c€/kWh saved on the bill | The best use, but limited to 25 to 45% of production without a battery |
| Shared with neighbours | 8 to 12 c€/kWh price set by the group, minus 0 to 1.5 c€ of management fees | Surplus the group does not absorb is still injected |
| Injected into the grid | ≈ 4 to 6 c€/kWh at the market price · Enovos: MW Solar index × 0.8, i.e. 5.09 c€ in August 2026 and 1.05 c€ in April 2026 | The regime for every installation supported by the Klimabonus; price revised every month |
Sources: Enovos — MW Solar · Netztransparenz — Marktwert Solar · guichet.lu — Klimabonus
What changed on 4 January 2026. The Klimabonus funds up to €10,000 of photovoltaic installation (plus €2,250 for a battery), but only for self-consumption and on condition that you waive the guaranteed feed-in tariff. Surplus is then paid at the market price, which follows the German MW Solar index: 11.02 c€ in January 2026, 1.32 c€ in April, 6.36 c€ in August. The more sun there is, the lower the index: the kWh is worth least on the market when you produce the most, whereas a neighbour pays the same price all year round. Older installations still under a guaranteed tariff are better off keeping it until it ends.
3. How much does energy sharing pay? Worked examples
The price of a shared kWh sits between two limits: what the producer would get by injecting (around 5 c€) and the neighbour’s avoided cost, i.e. what they would pay their supplier for the same kWh. In a local group, that avoided cost reaches 17 to 19 c€ excl. VAT: about 12.5 c€ of energy, 5.10 c€ of volumetric grid fees (exempt within 300 m) and 0.10 c€ of tax. At 10 c€, the producer earns 70% more than by injecting, and the neighbour still saves 5.5 to 7.5 c€ per kWh.
What your surplus earns, injected or shared
Switchr calculations based on real hourly sunshine data for Luxembourg (PVGIS): producer consuming 4,500 kWh a year with no battery, neighbours at 3,500 kWh a year, sharing tariff of 10 c€, market price of 5 c€, and a 1.5 c€ management fee deducted per shared kWh, the tariff of the Enovos Energy Sharing Service. The assumption is cautious: a self-managed group earns slightly more.
| Installation | Annual surplus | All injected | Shared with 3 neighbours | Shared with 6 neighbours | Shared with 10 neighbours |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 kWp | ≈ 3,600 kWh | ≈ €181/yr | ≈ €278/yr 76% shared | ≈ €308/yr 100% shared | ≈ €308/yr 100% shared |
| 8 kWp | ≈ 6,800 kWh | ≈ €342/yr | ≈ €467/yr 52% shared | ≈ €543/yr 84% shared | ≈ €581/yr 100% shared |
| 12 kWp | ≈ 11,200 kWh | ≈ €559/yr | ≈ €704/yr 37% shared | ≈ €809/yr 64% shared | ≈ €901/yr 87% shared |
Switchr.lu calculations, September 2026, excl. VAT. Sharing income includes injection of the kWh the group does not absorb; the percentage shows the share of the surplus that finds a taker. The model works on an average day per month: in real conditions, the shared portion is slightly lower.
Example: 8 kWp and six neighbours. Of 6,800 kWh of surplus, 84% finds a taker in the group. Income rises from €342 (all injected) to €543, i.e. €201 more a year with no investment, and to about €630 if the group manages itself. Each neighbour saves about €59 a year on their side.
Assumption: net cost of €5,000 after the Klimabonus, electricity bought at 20 c€/kWh incl. VAT.
Without sharing: 1,886 kWh self-consumed (€377) + 3,625 kWh injected (€181) = €559/yr, payback in 9.0 years.
With three neighbours: €377 + €278 = €655/yr, payback in 7.6 years.
With six neighbours: €685/yr, payback in 7.3 years.
Well-sized sharing raises surplus income by 50 to 70% and shortens the payback of a new installation by one to two years.
Setting the group tariff: take the average of the producer’s injection price and the neighbour’s avoided cost, then round down. An attractive tariff brings in more consumers, and their number drives the shared volume.
4. Collective self-consumption or energy community: which group should you choose?
The law distinguishes collective self-consumption, a simple group of meters with no legal entity, from energy communities, run by a legal person, usually a non-profit association or a cooperative, notified to the regulator. The choice depends mainly on the distance between members.
| Type | Perimeter | Members | Legal entity | Grid fees on shared kWh | Typical case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACR | Same building, single connection point | Unlimited | None | Exempt | Apartment building, residence |
| AC1 | ≤ 100 m between the two furthest points | 3 users maximum | None | Exempt | Two or three neighbouring houses |
| APS | Several meters of the same user | One user | None | Due, unless sites are within 100 m | Multi-site company or municipality |
| CEL | ≤ 300 m between the two furthest points | Unlimited | Legal person (association, cooperative…) | Exempt | Street, housing estate, village |
| CER | Whole country | Unlimited | Legal person (association, cooperative…) | Due (5.10 c€) | Scattered members, national cooperatives |
Creos also has a sixth category, the CEN (non-renewable energy community), with no exemption at all; it does not concern solar sharing. Sources: Creos — I share my energy · amended law of 1 August 2007, art. 8ter and 20 (5ter) · Klima-Agence — Energy community
Same building: ACR, the simplest case. One or two immediate neighbours: AC1, with no association. A street or housing estate: CEL, which requires an association but stays exempt from grid fees up to 300 m. Scattered members: CER, where grid fees remain due and the price advantage shrinks.
5. Sharing, injection or battery: which one?
| Option | Value of a surplus kWh | Investment | Best for |
|---|---|---|---|
| Injection at the market price | ≈ 4 to 6 c€ (around 1 c€ in April 2026) | €0 | The default regime: nothing to do, but a low and variable income |
| Local sharing (ACR, AC1, CEL) | 8 to 12 c€ minus 0 to 1.5 c€ of management fees | €0 | Producers with neighbours within 300 m |
| National community (CER) | Community tariff (8 c€ excl. VAT at Voltizy Community, August-December 2026) | €0 | Producers with no interested neighbours; grid fees due on the consumer side |
| Home battery | ≈ 20 c€ (kWh used in the evening) | €5,000 to €9,000 for 10 kWh, minus €2,250 Klimabonus | High evening consumption; only recovers 1,500 to 2,500 kWh a year and combines with sharing |
Sharing is for you if…
- Your surplus is sold at the market price
- Neighbours within 300 m consume during the day
- Your surplus exceeds 1,000 kWh a year
- You live in an apartment building or a housing estate
The benefit is limited if…
- No consumer within 300 m (a national community remains possible)
- Your battery already absorbs almost all the surplus
- Your surplus stays below 600 kWh a year
6. Who runs the group? Self-management, Enovos Energy Sharing Service or existing community
A sharing group takes work at two points. At set-up: appointing a representative, gathering the meter numbers (POD), choosing the allocation key and having every member sign the agreement. Every month after that: Creos calculates the shared volumes but does not invoice, so someone has to bill each consumer, pay the producer, chase late payments and handle members joining or leaving.
| Option | Who handles it | Cost | Best for | Good to know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-management | The group representative (or the building manager): set-up, invoices, collection, reminders | €0 | A family, or two or three neighbours who trust each other | A late payment or a dispute has to be settled directly between neighbours, which can quickly become awkward |
| Management service Enovos Energy Sharing Service | Enovos, from A to Z: advice, group set-up under mandate, SEPA billing, reminders, customer service | €0.015 excl. VAT per shared kWh and per meter, no fixed fee | A group to be created or already registered, once it has more than a few households or members barely know each other | Open to customers of every supplier and to all five group types |
| Existing community e-community.lu, Voltizy Community, ShareLux Energy | The community | Tariff set by the community (Voltizy Community: 8 c€ excl. VAT/kWh in a CER, 13 c€ excl. VAT in collective self-consumption, August-December 2026) | Producers with no interested neighbours, tenants without panels | Often nationwide (CER): grid fees due, smaller gain than in a local group |
Tariffs and services as described by each provider, checked on 22 September 2026, excl. VAT.
Self-management: ideal between people who know each other
Running the group yourself costs nothing and works well within a family or between neighbours who trust each other. Every month, someone has to extract the data from LENEDA, work out each member’s share, issue the invoices, track payments and pay the producer. The difficulty lies less in the maths than in the relationship: chasing a neighbour who pays late or settling a disagreement over an invoice is awkward. Beyond three or four households, or if members barely know each other, a management service avoids that friction.
The Enovos Energy Sharing Service: A-to-Z management
Launched in early 2026, the Enovos Energy Sharing Service supports the group from set-up to day-to-day running. Enovos first helps choose the type of group and a suitable sharing tariff.
- Group to be created: members send the numbers of their metering points (injection and consumption) and sign an electronic contract giving Enovos a mandate to handle the formalities with the grid operator and on LENEDA.
- Group already registered: getting started is quicker, as Enovos takes over the management directly.
- Day to day: contracts, SEPA direct-debit billing, payouts to the producer, reminders (after two failed SEPA direct debits, the representative and the member are notified and the member pays by bank transfer; if still unpaid after the third reminder, Enovos can suspend them), members joining or leaving, tariff changes (possible every 90 days), customer service and MyEnovos dashboards (web and app).
- Price: €0.015 excl. VAT per shared kWh and per meter, on the production and consumption sides, with no fixed fee. For 8 kWp and six neighbours (about 5,700 kWh shared a year): about €86 a year for the producer and €14 per neighbour.
- Conditions: open to households, SMEs and municipalities, customers of every supplier, and to all five group types; a metering point connected to the Luxembourg grid is all you need.
Getting started with Enovos in three steps: state your situation in the form on the Energy Sharing Service page (group already registered, group to be created or group to join), send the members’ meter numbers, then sign the electronic mandate. Enovos then handles the formalities and the day-to-day management.
No neighbours: joining an existing community
Cooperatives such as e-community.lu, Voltizy Community or ShareLux Energy welcome producers and consumers from across the country. It is the only way to sell your surplus above the market price with no interested neighbours, but the advantage is smaller: these communities are usually national (CER), and grid fees remain due on shared kWh.
In every case: the group must be registered with the grid operator, by its representative or by a management service mandated by the members, and the risk of non-payment stays with the producer: a management service sends reminders and suspends the defaulting member, but only pays out what it actually collects.
7. Setting up your group in six steps
Allow one to three months between the first neighbours’ meeting and the first shared kWh, including at least one month for registration with Creos. No electrician is involved.
Same building: ACR. Up to three users within 100 m: AC1. Neighbourhood up to 300 m between the two furthest points: local energy community (CEL). Members scattered across the country: renewable energy community (CER). Only local groups (ACR, AC1, CEL) are exempt from grid fees on shared kWh.
You need at least one producer, plus consumers who hold an electricity contract and have a Smarty meter. The allocation key is static: by priority, by percentage or pro rata to consumption.
In practice, a non-profit association, with no notary and using the Klima-Agence model statutes, or a cooperative, whose creation is notified to the regulator with a form. Collective self-consumption groups (ACR, AC1, APS) need neither an entity nor a notification.
The representative files the request on myCreos or with their local grid operator: list of members, meter numbers (POD), allocation key, then an agreement signed by everyone. Each member needs an Energy ID on LENEDA. Allow at least one month. This step can also be handed to a management service: with Enovos, members send their meter numbers and sign an electronic mandate.
Most groups choose 8 to 12 c€/kWh, between the producer’s injection price (4 to 6 c€) and the consumer’s avoided cost (17 to 19 c€ excl. VAT). You then decide who bills and chases payments: the representative, for free, or a management service such as the Enovos Energy Sharing Service, for €0.015 excl. VAT per shared kWh and per meter.
Once activated, the grid operator calculates the shared kWh every quarter of an hour and passes them on to the members’ suppliers. Unshared surplus is still injected under the purchase contract; each member tracks their data on LENEDA with their Energy ID.
8. Apartment buildings, municipalities and SMEs
Apartment buildings (ACR). The roof supplies the flats behind the same connection point: no association, no notification, no limit on members, no grid fees on shared kWh. The general meeting sets the allocation key and the internal tariff; the building manager can handle billing or hand it to a management service.
Municipalities (CEL). The school, sports hall or town hall produces, nearby residents consume, and the municipality carries the entity. More than thirty municipalities already run an energy community; Niederanven was one of the first to hand its management to the Enovos Energy Sharing Service.
SMEs and multi-site users (APS). A company can share between its own meters, with no grid fees if the sites are within 100 m; beyond that, it creates or joins a CEL. Only large companies are excluded from energy communities. For the remaining supply, see our business electricity comparison.
9. Tax and risks
Up to 30 kWp, a private individual’s production is a « hobby activity » (circular L.I.R. no. 14/2 of 5 June 2023): income from injection and sharing is neither taxable nor to be declared. VAT of 3% on the installation, 17% on the battery.
The Smarty meter is enough, with no additional meter or box. Each member follows their quarter-hourly data from the next day on LENEDA. Any change to the group must be requested from the grid operator one month in advance.
A neighbour’s non-payment, borne by the producer, and imbalance: with too few neighbours, part of the surplus is still injected at the market price. Between people who know each other, a conversation is often enough; beyond that, a management service saves you from chasing your neighbours yourself.
10. Energy-sharing glossary
- Energy sharing
- Allocation, among the members of a group registered with the grid operator, of the renewable electricity a producer does not self-consume, calculated per quarter of an hour and paid at the tariff set by the group.
- Collective self-consumption (ACR, AC1, APS)
- A group of meters with no legal entity: same building (ACR), three users at most within 100 m (AC1) or several sites of the same user (APS).
- Local energy community (CEL)
- A legal person, usually a non-profit association or a cooperative, whose members are connected at low voltage within 300 m of each other; shared kWh are exempt from volumetric grid fees.
- Renewable energy community (CER)
- An energy community with no distance limit, nationwide; grid fees remain due on shared kWh.
- Allocation key
- The rule that assigns the kWh produced to the group’s consumers: by priority, by fixed percentage or pro rata to consumption in each quarter of an hour.
- Avoided cost
- What the consumer would have paid their supplier for the same kWh: energy, volumetric grid fees and tax, i.e. 17 to 19 c€ excl. VAT in a local group.
- MW Solar
- Marktwert Solar, the monthly market value of solar electricity published by the German transmission system operators; it is the reference for surplus purchase prices (Enovos: MW Solar × 0.8).
- LENEDA and Energy ID
- National energy-data platform operated by Creos since 20 March 2025; the Energy ID is the personal identifier that links your meters to your account.
- Management service (sharing organiser)
- A third party mandated by the members to administer their group: registration with the grid operator, contracts, billing, payouts, reminders, customer service. This is the role of the Enovos Energy Sharing Service; the grid operator calculates the volumes but does not invoice.
Frequently asked questions
What is energy sharing in Luxembourg?
It allows a producer of renewable electricity, most often solar, to pass the surplus they do not self-consume to a group of consumers registered with the grid operator: neighbours, an apartment building, a municipality or an SME. Sharing is calculated every quarter of an hour from Smarty meters. Each member keeps their supplier; only the shared kWh are paid at the group tariff.
At what price can I sell my solar surplus in 2026?
Injected into the grid, surplus is paid at the market price, indexed on the MW Solar index: 4 to 6 c€/kWh on average, but 1.05 c€ in April 2026 and 5.09 c€ in August at Enovos. This regime has applied since 4 January 2026 to installations supported by the Klimabonus. Shared with neighbours, the same kWh sells for 8 to 12 c€, a price freely set by the group, minus 0 to 1.5 c€ of management fees.
Is energy sharing more profitable than injecting into the grid?
Yes. A kWh shared at 10 c€ pays 8.5 c€ after a 1.5 c€ management fee, 70% more than a kWh injected at 5 c€. An 8 kWp installation surrounded by six neighbours thus goes from about €340 to €540 of surplus income a year, and to €630 if the group manages itself. Only kWh produced and consumed at the same moment are shared: the number of neighbours drives the volume.
Can I sell my electricity directly to my neighbour?
Yes, through a sharing group registered with the grid operator. For up to three users within 100 metres, a collective self-consumption group (AC1) is enough, with no association. Beyond that, and up to 300 metres between the two furthest points, you need a local energy community (CEL) run by a non-profit association or a cooperative. The price per kWh is free.
Who can run an energy-sharing group?
The grid operator calculates the volumes but does not invoice, hence three options. Self-management, which is free, suits a family or neighbours who trust each other: chasing a late payer or settling a dispute yourself can quickly become awkward. A management service, such as the Enovos Energy Sharing Service, handles the group from A to Z, from set-up to billing and reminders. Finally, you can join an existing community.
How much does the Enovos Energy Sharing Service cost?
€0.015 excl. VAT per shared kWh, at each metering point involved, on the production and consumption sides, with no fixed fee or subscription: €75 a year for a producer sharing 5,000 kWh, €12 for a neighbour receiving 800 kWh. The price includes advice on group type and tariff, group set-up under the members’ mandate, SEPA billing, payouts, reminders and customer service.
How do you hand your sharing group to Enovos?
If the group does not exist yet, members send Enovos the numbers of their metering points (injection and consumption) and sign an electronic contract giving it a mandate to handle the formalities with the grid operator and on LENEDA. If the group is already registered, getting started is quicker: Enovos takes over billing, members joining or leaving and tariff changes, which are possible every 90 days.
Do you have to be an Enovos customer to use the Energy Sharing Service?
No. The service is open to households, SMEs and municipalities whatever their electricity supplier, and covers all five renewable group types (ACR, AC1, APS, CEL, CER). All you need is a metering point connected to the Luxembourg grid. Each member keeps their contract; Enovos only bills the shared kWh, at the tariff set by the group, plus €0.015 excl. VAT per kWh and per meter.
Do I have to switch electricity supplier to share my energy?
No. Each member keeps their contract: their supplier bills the remaining consumption after deducting the shared kWh. Management services, including the Enovos one, are open to customers of every supplier. The producer also keeps their purchase contract for the surplus the group does not absorb.
Do I need an extra meter or any additional equipment?
No. The Smarty meter, installed in every home, records consumption and injection separately every quarter of an hour, and the grid operator uses this data to calculate the sharing. No cable, box or electrician is needed. Each member simply needs an Energy ID on the LENEDA platform.
What price should our group set per shared kWh?
The price is free, but it must exceed what the producer would get by injecting (4 to 6 c€) and stay below the consumer’s avoided cost (17 to 19 c€ excl. VAT in a local group). Most groups choose 8 to 12 c€. A simple rule: take the average of the two limits and round down, since an attractive tariff brings in more neighbours, and their number drives the shared volume.
What are the risks of energy sharing?
Two risks. Non-payment: if a consumer does not pay, the producer bears the loss; a management service such as Enovos notifies the representative and the member after two failed SEPA direct debits and can suspend the member after a third unanswered reminder, but only pays out what it collects. Imbalance: with too few neighbours, a large part of the surplus is still injected at the market price.
Can energy be shared in an apartment building?
Yes, it is the simplest case. The collective self-consumption group (ACR) brings together all residents behind the same connection point, with no limit on members, no association and no grid fees on shared kWh. The installation can belong to the co-owners’ association or to one owner; the general meeting sets the allocation key and the internal tariff.
Can I join an existing energy community if no neighbour is interested?
Yes. Cooperatives such as e-community.lu, Voltizy Community or ShareLux Energy welcome producers and consumers from across the country, including tenants without panels. They are usually renewable energy communities (CER): grid fees remain due and the price is set by the community, for example 8 c€ excl. VAT/kWh at Voltizy Community from August to December 2026.
Is income from energy sharing taxable?
No, for a private individual whose installation does not exceed 30 kWp: production is treated as a hobby activity, and income from injection or sharing is neither taxable nor to be declared (circular L.I.R. no. 14/2 of 5 June 2023). Above 30 kWp it is business income. The installation benefits from 3% VAT.
Can you combine a home battery with energy sharing?
Yes, the two complement each other. The battery stores daytime surplus for evening consumption, worth about 20 c€ per kWh, but only absorbs 1,500 to 2,500 kWh a year for 10 kWh of capacity. The rest, especially in spring and summer, is shared: an 8 kWp installation with a 10 kWh battery still has about 4,700 kWh of surplus a year to share or inject.